Tafseer Ya Surah Abas

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

عَبَسَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ ‎﴿١﴾‏ أَن جَاءَهُ الْأَعْمَىٰ ‎﴿٢﴾‏ وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّهُ يَزَّكَّىٰ ‎﴿٣﴾‏ أَوْ يَذَّكَّرُ فَتَنفَعَهُ الذِّكْرَىٰ ‎﴿٤﴾‏ أَمَّا مَنِ اسْتَغْنَىٰ ‎﴿٥﴾‏ فَأَنتَ لَهُ تَصَدَّىٰ ‎﴿٦﴾‏ وَمَا عَلَيْكَ أَلَّا يَزَّكَّىٰ ‎﴿٧﴾‏ وَأَمَّا مَن جَاءَكَ يَسْعَىٰ ‎﴿٨﴾‏ وَهُوَ يَخْشَىٰ ‎﴿٩﴾‏ فَأَنتَ عَنْهُ تَلَهَّىٰ ‎﴿١٠﴾‏ كَلَّا إِنَّهَا تَذْكِرَةٌ ‎﴿١١﴾‏ فَمَن شَاءَ ذَكَرَهُ ‎﴿١٢﴾‏ فِي صُحُفٍ مُّكَرَّمَةٍ ‎﴿١٣﴾‏ مَّرْفُوعَةٍ مُّطَهَّرَةٍ

Iye (Mtumiki [swallallahu alaihi wasallam]) anachita tsinya natembenukira kumbali chifukwa chobwera kwa iye munthu wakhungu! Ndipo nchiyani chingakudziwitse (Iwe Muhammad [swallallahu alaihi wasallam] za momwe iye alili?) Mwina, (ngati utamusamalira,) akhoza kudziyeretsa, kapena angalandire uphunguwo, ndipo uphunguwo ukanamuthandiza. Kunena za amene sasamala (za imaan ndi deen), ndiye ukuwapatsa chidwi (chochulukirapo), pomwe palibe cholakwika pa iiwe atati asadziyeretse. (Koma) amene wabwera kwa iwe ndi molimba mtima, pamene akuopa (Allah Ta ‘ala ndi kudzayankha pa Tsiku Lomaliza), ndiye ukumusala! Sichoncho! (Siukuyenera kutero!) Ndithudi, (Qur’aan Majeed) ndi chikumbutso (ndi chenjezo). Basi, aliyense amene akufuna, aitsatire. (Qur’aan Majeed) yalembedwa m’mapepala olemekezeka, Apamwamba (ndi) oyeretsedwa, (yolembedwa) ndi manja a alembi (angelo omwe amailemba kuchokera ku Lawh-e-Mahfooz, angelo oterowo) omwe ndi olemekezeka (ndi) olungama.

Tsiku lina, Rasulullah (swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) ankakambirana ndi atsogoleri ena a a Quraish, kuwaitanira ku Chisilamu. Mwa atsogoleriwa panali Utbah bin Rabee’ah, Abu Jahl bin Hishaam, ndi amalume ake olemekezeka, Olemekezeka Abbaas (radhwiyallahu ‘anhu), omwe mpaka nthawi imeneyo anali asanalowe Chisilamu.

Mkatikati mwa zokambiranazo, Olemekezeka Abdullah bin Ummi Makhtoom (radhwiyallahu ‘anhu), Sahaabi wakhungu wa Rasulullah (swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam), anafika ndipo anayamba kumufunsa Rasulullah (swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) mafunso ena okhudzana ndi deeni.

Mu nkhani ina yolembedwa ndi Allaamah Baghawi (rahimahullah), zatchuridwa kuti nkhani ya Hazrat Abdullah bin Ummi Makhtoom (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) pokhala wakhungu komanso osaona, sanazindikire kuti Rasulullah (swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) akukambirana ndi atsogoleri achi Quraish. Kotero, atafika pa zokambiranazo, nthawi yomweyo anafunsa mafunso ake ndikusokoneza zokambiranazo.

Malinga ndi kunena kwa Haafiz Ibnu Katheer (rahimahullah), Ibnu Ummi Makhtoom (radhwiyallahu ‘anhu) ankafuna kuti Rasulullah (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) amuphunzitse ndime ya Qur’aan Majeed. Komabe, popeza kuti Mtumiki (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) adali atatanganidwa ndi kuwalalikira atsogoleri a ma Quraish ndikuwaitanira ku Deen, iye sadasonyeze chidwi pa Sahaabi ameneyu ndipo anapitiriza kuyankhulana ndi atsogoleriwo.

Mtumiki (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) adatsutsa kusokoneza kwa sahaabi, ndipo zisonyezo za kukana kwake ndi kuipidwa kwake zidawonekera pankhope yake yodalitsika.

Ndipamene Allah Ta’ala adavumbulutsa aya khumi ndi zinayi za kumayambiliro kwa surayi, kuti amukonzere Mtumiki (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) ndi kuulangiza ummah wake za momwe munthu angachitire zikamuchitikira zoterezi.

Ndi chifukwa chiyani Rasulullah (Swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) sanamulabadire Swahaabayu panthawiyo?

Mtima odalitsika wa Rasulullah (Swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) udali odzaza ndi chikondi chachikulu ndi chifundo kwa anthu ake. Rasulullah (Sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) sankafuna kuti munthu aliyense achoke padziko lapansi opanda imaan (kukhala nailamu)ndikupita ku Jahannum.

Pa chifukwa chimenechi pa nthawiyi, pamene Rasulullah (Sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) adapeza mwayi olankhula ndi atsogoleri a Quraish, Rasulullah (Sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) adachiteng kukhala mwayi wagolide owalalikira ndikuwaitanira ku Chisilamu.

Rasulullah (Sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) adaganiza kuti ngati atsogoleri awa angavomereze Chisilamu ndiye kuti izi zidzakhala chiyambi kwa osakhulupirira ena kuyamba kulowa Chisilamu nawonso chifukwa anthu anali atazolowera kutsatira chipembedzo cha atsogoleri awo. Choncho, Rasulullah (Swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) anaona kuti msonkhanowu ndi ma Quraish unali ofunikira kwambiri komanso waphindu.

Rasulullah (Sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) adaganiza kuti popeza Swahaabayu anali atalowa kale Chisilamu, amatha kufunsa mafunso ake a deeni nthawi iliyonse ndipo Rasulullah (Swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) akadatha kumufotokozera mosavuta. Kumbali ina, atsogoleri achi Quraish sankapezeka nthawi zonse kuti amvetsere uthenga wa Rasulullah (Swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam).

Kupatula izi, kukambirana kwa Rasulullah (Swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) ndi ma Quraish kunali kokhudzana ndi imaan ndi zikhulupiriro zoyambilira za Chisilamu zomwe ndi nkhani zofunikira kwmabiri poyerekeza ndi mafunso a Masahaabi omwe anali okhudzana ndi gawo lachiwiri pa dini. Kotero kuchokera pa mfundo imeneyi, Rasulullah (Swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) adaonanso kuti kukambirana ndi ma Quraish kunali kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kunkakhudzana ndi mfundo zikuluzikulu za dini.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndi zosemphana ndi makhalidwe abwino a dini kuti munthu asokoneze kukambirana komwe kukuchitika pakati pa anthu. Ndi chifukwa chake Rasulullah (Swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) sadamumvere Swahaabayu, koma kupitiriza kulankhula ndi omwe amalankhula nawo, zinali zogwirizana ndi mfundo za makhalidwe abwino a Chisilamu pankhani ya msonkhano, mwachitsanzo, munthu ayenera kupitiriza kulankhula ndi omwe amalankhula nawo, osawasiya ndikuoanga za amene akusokoneza kukambiranako.

Ponseponse, Rasulullah (Swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) adagwiritsa ntchito ijtihaad yake (malingaliro achisilamu) panthawiyi ndipo adathetsa vutoli m’njira yomwe zafotokozedweramu.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chilichonse chimene Rasulullah (Swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) anachita chinali chokomera Chisilamu chifukwa ankafuna kupulumutsa atsogoleri achi Quraish ku chilango chosatha cha Jahannum ngati atalowa Chisilamu.

Komabe, pamaso pa Allah Ta‘ala, chinali chofunika kwambiri kuti Rasulullah (Sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) awasiye atsogoleri omwe ndi ma kufaar panthawiyo ndikuyang’anira sahaabi wakhunguyu chifukwa anabwera ndi changu chenicheni komanso khumbo lofuna kupindula pa Dini pomwe makafiri sanali ndi chidwi ndi Chisilamu.

Kotero, Allah Ta‘ala adamuonetsa Mtumiki wake okondedwa (Swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) mbali yomwe ayenera kuikonda pa nkhani zotere.

Mwachidule, m’mavesi awa, Allah Ta’ala akufotokoza malangizo awiri ofunikira:

Choyamba, ndi Allah Ta’ala pomutchura sahaabi uyu kuti “munthu wakhungu”, zikumveka kuti Abdullah bin Ummi Maktoom (radhwiyallahu ‘anhu) adakhululukidwa chifukwa chosokoneza mkumanowo.

Sanathe kuona amene analipo pamaso pa Rasulullah (swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) ndipo sankadziwa kuti Rasulullah (swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) ankambirana nawo. Kotero, poganizira za khalidwe lake, ayenera kukhululukidwa chifukwa chosatsatira malamulo a mkumanowo.

Chachiwiri, mfundo idakhazikitsidwa kuti iwo omwe akufunafuna choonadi cha Chisilamu ndi mtima onse kuti atsatire dini ayenera kupatsidwa mwayi kuposa omwe sakulabadira ndipo sakufuna choonadi.

Zanenedwa kuti pambuyo pa nkhaniyi, Rasulullah (swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) ankamulemekeza kwambiri sahaabi ameneyu poyerekeza ndi kale.

Akamuona, Rasulullah (Swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) ankamulankhula nati, “Takulandirani kwa amene Mbuye wanga anandilangiza!” Rasulullah (Swallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) ankamufunsanso kuti, “Kodi pali chilichonse chomwe ndingakuchitire?” (Maariful Quraan 8/670-675, Tafseer Baghawi 5/210, Bidaayah wan Nihaayah 3/88).